NCF has partnered with the National Centre for Biological Sciences (NCBS), Bengaluru, to help establish and execute the Long-term Ecosystem Monitoring Network (LEMoN). This is a network of 1 ha intensive vegetation monitoring plots established in different ecosystems across the Indian sub-continent. Standard protocols, based on the RAINFOR-GEM protocol, are used to monitor forest and savanna vegetation to study aspects such as forest dynamics, carbon sequestration, mortality, growth, regeneration, soil and productivity. NCF currently manages and monitors three LEMoN plots in mature and secondary forests in the Western Ghats. Research findings from the LEMoN plots are yielding insights into ecosystem patterns and processes within and across ecosystems, with implications for conservation of tropical ecosystems under ongoing climate change.